Affirmative & Negative Agrement,
Negation, Commands
1.
Affirmative
Agreement
When indicating that
one person pr thing does something and then adding that another does the same.
Use the word so or too.
To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the
conjunction and followed by a simple statement using soor too. The order of this
statement will depend on whether so or too is used.
·
When a form of the
verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in
the simple statement that follows.
affirmative statement (be) + and + subject + verb (be) + too so + verb
(be) + subject
e.g. I am happy. You are happy
I am happy and you are too
I am happy and so are you
·
When a compound verb
(auxiliary + verb), for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc.
occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple
statement, and the subject and verb must agree.
Affirmative statement + and + subject + auxiliary only + too so +
auxiliary only + subject
They will work in the lab tomorrow. You will work in the lab tomorrow.
They will work in the lab tomorrow and you will too
They will work in the lab tomorrow and so will you
·
When any verb except be appears without
any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in simple statement. The subject
and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.
Affirmative statement + and + subject + do, does, or did + too (single
verb except be) so + do, does, or did + subject
Jane goes to that school. My sister goes to school
Jane goes to school and my sister does too
Jane goes to school and so does my sister
2.
Negative Agreement
Either and Neither function in simple
statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative
agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Negative statement + and + subject + negative auxiliary or be + either neither
+ positive auxiliary + subject
I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
I didn’t see Mary this morning and John didn’t either
I didn’t see Mary this morning and neither did John
She hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the movie yet.
she hasn’t seen the movie yet and I haven’t either
she hasn’t seen the movie yet and neither have .
3.
Negation
To make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the
auxiliary or verb be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form
of do, does, or did and place in word not after that.
John is
rich
John is not rich
Mark has seen Bill Mark has
not seen Bill
The following examples contain no auxiliary and thus use do, does, or
did.
Marvin likes spinach Marvin does not like spinach
They went to class They did not go to
class
Some/any
If there is a noun in the complement of a negative sentence, one should
add the particle any before the noun.
Some
affirmative sentences
Any
negative sentences and question
e.g. John has some money
John doesn’t have any money
Hardly,
barely, rarely, seldom, etc.
Remember that in an English sentence it is usually incorrect to have
two negatives together. This is called a double negative and is not acceptable
in standard English. The following words have a negative meaning and, thus, must be used with a positive verb
Hardly
almost nothing
Barely
mean
or
Scarcely
almost not at all
Rarely
Seldom
mean
almost never
Hardly ever
e.g.
She scarcely remembers the accident (she almost doesn’t remember the
accident)
We seldom see phone of these animals (we almost never see photos of
these animals)
4. Commands
A command is an imperative statement. One person orders another to do
something. It can be preceded by please. The understood
subject is you. Use the simple form of the verb.
Close the
door leave the
room
Please turn off the
light Open your
book
Negative commands: A negative command is formed by adding the word don’t before the
verb.
Don’t close the
door
Please don’t
turn off the light
Indirect commands:
Usually the verbs order, ask, tell, or say are used
to indicate an indirect command. They are followed by the infinitive (to +
verb).
Jack asked Jill to
turn off the light
The policeman ordered the
suspect to be quite
Negative Indirect
commands: to make an indirect command negative, add the particle not before the
infinitive.
Subject + verb + complement
+ not + (verb in infinitive)
e.g.
The teacher told Christopher not
to open the window
Please tell Jeime not
to leave the room.
Referensi :
https://mlediwarnitripena.wordpress.com/2016/03/16/affirmative-negative-agreement-negation-commands/
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